Literature Review Example - For Your Textbook, Website, Or Essay

Literature Review Example - For Your Textbook, Website, Or EssayAn excellent literature review example can make all the difference when it comes to generating ideas. From selling a blog or a website, to writing a history paper, to writing a paper for a thesis, the introduction of a text can be the difference between success and failure. By eliminating distractions, and giving your reader a brief synopsis of the text at the beginning, you are able to avoid potential errors, and give them what they want.This is a perfect example of where the reader will not have enough information, and you will want to offer your readers with a clear and concise introduction. Consider a textbook for a class that has only 10 students in a class of 100 students. What kind of introduction would you give your fellow students?While it is possible that each student could pick up multiple different textbooks, it will also be necessary to give them a summary of the textbook itself. With a literature review exa mple, this will be very simple. In this example, you will need to write a brief summary of the chapter, with a link to an online resource that can answer any questions that they may have.When you take these lessons to heart, you will find that you are able to write more effectively with your pages, and you will see that you are able to use the same techniques in many different types of assignments. Literature review examples should also be used in the content area of your website.When it comes to advertising your website, you will be more than likely to rely on various forms of marketing that the internet world offers. You may be tempted to market your website through search engines, but you are likely to find that your results will be limited. When you use a literature review example, you will be able to begin to market your website using direct marketing, without needing to worry about it not being effective.You will find that the first level of writing for a creative writer, and this is often used in the introduction of text that someone is looking to read. It will be important to utilize a literature review example, because you will want to begin a sentence with an introduction, and it is important to present yourself as a writer that your readers can trust. Writing a research paper, however, is something that is best left to graduate students or professors.By using a literature review example, you will be able to begin to gain back the trust of your reader, and you will be able to learn how to craft an essay paper that is effective. This may be something that you will be able to do while working on an essay or thesis. You will also find that when you are utilizing a literature review example, you will be able to produce greater results.

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The Pros and Cons of Cell Phones Essay - 2268 Words

Forty-one years ago on April 7, 1973, Motorola engineer Martin Cooper changed the world by making the world’s first cell phone call. With a 10-inch-long, 2.5-pound phone nicknamed â€Å"the brick† he called his engineering nemesis at the much bigger company Bell Labs (Here Now, 2014). The phone gave 30 minutes of talk time after 10 hours of recharging and it cost a grand total of $3995. In those days, the average middle-class person could not afford to buy a mobile phone. By the late 1990s, cell phones became progressively accessible to the overall population. (Ef.org.vt.edu, 2014). Ever since then the sizes and the technologies in and of cell phones has been changing to accommodate the masses. Decades later, cell phones, and now smartphones,†¦show more content†¦Polaroid: denoting a type of camera with internal processing that produces a finished print rapidly after each exposure. Denoting film for or a photograph taken with a Polaroid camera a Polaroid snapsh ot Epidemiologist: Epidemiology is the study of how disease spreads and can be controlled. An epidemiologist studies epidemiology. Electromagnetic Spectrum: Microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma-rays make up the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. It is the range of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes. N.E.P.A: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires that federal officials incorporate natural qualities into their choice making techniques by acknowledging the environmental effects of their proposed movements and sensible options to those activities Alzheimer’s disease: progressive mental deterioration that may occur in middle or old age due to generalized degeneration of the brain. Sexting: Sexting refers to an act of sending sexually explicit materials through mobile phones. Radioactivity: the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei. Radioactive substances, or the radiation emitted by these (Merriam-webster.com, 2014). What are the positiveShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Owning a Cell Phone790 Words   |  4 PagesThe pros and cons of owning a cell phone Broc Barchard COMM/112 April-08-2013 Kerry Moquett The pros and cons of owning a cell phone Annotated Bibliography: Are cell phones controlling us? I generally like this source because it goes into great detail about the evolution of cell phones. Starting back in 1984 the first cell phone was basically a brick, and now the cell phones used today are way smaller. Also this source talks about devices becomingRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Cell Phones Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pages In this day in age refusing to assimilate to at least some form of modern living is simply not an option. One invention causing controversy today that has yet to cease being alter, modified, and â€Å"improved† since its debut is the ever present cell phone. Even as I sit here typing this paper, my own shiny, rectangular piece of molded plastic and metal lies inches away from my fingertips, beckoning me to use it. Looking out the window, one of the first sights I see are people walking with oneRead MorePros and Cons of Cell Phones in Schools626 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans place and receive most, if not all, of their calls on a wireless phone. The increase in cell phone usage has expanded into our children’s schools. Many children in today’s society carry a cell phone on their person to school. This increase of usage and change of demographic has created a debate in many schools. Read more: Pros Cons of Cell Phones in Schools | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5393195_pros-cons-cell-phones-schools.html#ixzz29NbPSPub School Emergencies The increase of schoolRead MoreCell Phones : Pro Vs. Con1025 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones: Pro vs. Con Cell phones have come a long way since April 3, 1973 when the first phone was invented. The first call in history was made that day by Motorola employee Martin Cooper, as he stood next to a 900 MHz base station in New York City and phoned to the headquarters of Bell Labs in New Jersey (The Cellphone Turns 40: Remembering Martin Cooper’s Historic Call). Since that day, cell phones have evolved to become what is now a all-in-one master piece. A current cell phone removes theRead MorePros And Cons Of Teenage Cell Phone Use1023 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 2014 Pros and Cons of Teenage Cell Phone Use Cell phones have become a major part of people’s lives. They are probably one of the biggest inventions when it comes to communication because of the many functions that they are capable of performing. The use of cell phones has become especially popular among teens as it is a major part of teenage social life. One source states that â€Å"22 percent of children ages 6 to 9 own a cell phone; 60 percent of tweens ages 10 to 14 own a phone, and 84 percentRead MorePros And Cons Of Cell Phones In School1036 Words   |  5 Pagesbe able to understand that phones CAN help you learn! Phones give us opportunities to hold many useful things such as calculators, passwords, and our schedules. I can see that they would want to take it away because it is â€Å"distracting†, but I honestly think that it is more distracting not having it then actually having it, now all we can think about is checking our phones. Although much of the public debate is against it, there are pros assoc iated with allowing cell phones in school. These advantagesRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Use Of Cell Phones While Driving1809 Words   |  8 PagesIt is known that the use of cell phones, specifically handheld use such as texting, while driving decreases driver awareness and the overall safety of roads. In response to this knowledge, some states have passed laws that have outlawed the use of handheld devices, and while there should be laws that definitively outlaw handheld usage, is there enough empirical evidence to outlaw hands free usage of cell phones? In other words, does hands free usage of cell phones, via bluetooth, speakerphone, etcRead MoreCell Phones for Young People Useful or Distracting?1031 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been controversy as to whether texting and cell phone use can cause young people to be less likely to be able to concentrate and focus. As young citizens we have the right to be able to own a cell phone and not be criticized using it for educational reasons. Phones give you access to the internet, teach responsibility, and is an emergency access to contact parents; however it can cause cheating in class room areas by sharing answers, it can distract people from doing work in classRead MorePersonal and Mobile Computing Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesonline news cite by using his/her mobile device to read or find out different information. Furthermore, mobile computing will be discussed along with the different types of computing devices ; such as laptops , smart phones ,tablets , I pads , and E Book Readers. Likewise, the pros and cons will be deliberated as well, along with the history, and lastly why is technology currently playing a huge role in diverse people daily lifestyles? To sum it a mobile computer is efficiently any computing device thatRead MoreEssay on Cell Phone Use in Schools Should Not be Banned1401 Words   |  6 PagesShould students be able to use cell phones during class periods? This is a question a lot of students and parents have asked themselves. The invention of cell phones started a debate for many schools. Many schools accept the use of cell phones but experience a lot of frustration over them. There are many reasons for and against the use of cell phones in schools. People who support cell phone use in schools are usually teenagers. People who disagree with cell phone use in schools are usually teachers

Madame Bovary Analysis - 1228 Words

Gustave Flaubert brings Emma’s life to a powerful close in one climactic scene of Emma’s suicide. Throughout the novel â€Å"†Madame Bovary†, Flaubert foreshadows Emma’s eventual downfall and death. Emma killed herself because she could not pay her debts. She was indebted because of her desire to be part of the upper class and her extramarital love affairs. And she had love affairs because of the discrepancy between the life she dreamt of, out of the the romances she had read as a schoolgirl in the convent. Her suicide happened to be the last consequence of this chain of events. Flaubert foreshadows each event leading to another which eventually leads to Emma’s downfall and death. Gustave portrays Emma’s character from the beginning†¦show more content†¦These novels were filled with â€Å"love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses, postriders killed at every relay...palpitating hearts, vows and kisses† (Faubert, pg. 36). These novels do not portray love realistically. Emma fails to distinguish fantasy and reality. Flaubert shows that this failure to distinguish between the two was Emma’s â€Å"tragic flaw†. Emma had read about these ideas in books, but instead of viewing these concepts as fantasy, she viewed them as reality, and later in life, acted as if that was the normal thing to do. Anything different, anything that deviated from her current life appealed to Emma. What was new was romantic, exciting, bold, and adventurous. When Charles does not meet her expectation she gets mad but in reality it is not Charles’ fault but Emma’s for having such high expectatio ns for others. Emma has high expectations for Charles and her other lovers. She expects more from Charles then he can give. Charles will never be able to live up to Emma’s high expectations of the dashing charming intellectual characteristics the men possesses in her novels. Emma decides to have an affair with Rodolphe, a wealthy landowner with an estate near Yonville, due to her disatifaction with her marriage. When Emma takes Rodolphe as her lover, she believes her world is improving. This affair fits her ideals of love, he is of the high society, and sheShow MoreRelatedMadame Bovary Style Analysis612 Words   |  3 PagesA day of a common doctor, Charles Bovary, is described in Gustave Flaubert’s passage from Madame Bovary. The author uses great detail to show the reader the typical house call in 1902. Due to this detail, the author establishes the tones of calmness and intensity. Throughout the passage from Madame Bovary, the tones established through detail, imagery and figurati ve language reveal the character of Charles to the reader. The detail in the beginning of the passage allows the reader to feel a sereneRead MoreAnalysis Of Morality In Madame Bovary1075 Words   |  5 Pagescarnal aspects. (Gustave Flaubert, 2017) Wow! This statement says so much about this writer. As such, we could argue that Flaubert’s main character in Madame Bovary, Emma, was based on one of his prostitutes and describes how he feels about women. Therefore, I am surprised the government bought Flaubert’s answer. After reading Madame Bovary, I understand why the government brought action against the author Gustave Flaubert and charged him with immorality. The entire novel is based on adulteryRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Madame Bovary1458 Words   |  6 PagesAllison Witt September 28, 2017 Literature Core Professor O’Har A Fantasy World In Madame Bovary, Gustave Flaubert shapes Emma, the protagonist, into a woman who deceives herself, through romantic novels, into believing her life is better than it actually is. Emma—like most things in her life—romanticized what marriage would do for her. At the start of her marriage to Charles, she believed marriage would be the means at which she transitioned from a farm girl to a wealthy woman. She believed thatRead MoreMadame Bovary Character Analysis919 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, Madame Bovary written by Gustave Flaubert Emma was capable of love, when it comes to Emma she was mainly in love with materialistic products or people who can get her the materials. Emma had a lot of relationships with a lot of different people. First, of course, was with her husband Charles Bovary. But other than him she had two other people who she liked. The first being a friend of both Charles and Emma Bovary. He was the young man they meet when they first moved to Yonville , namedRead MoreAnalysis Of Flauberts Madame Bovary1552 Words   |  7 Pages In Madame Bovary, Flaubert writes a couple of major moments in very brief and plain ways. What Flaubert does for these moments is build up our expectations of what we think is going to happen long before it actually occurs so that when the moment nears, he can make the current buildup and the moment itself quick and plain. This is so that we are emotionally detached from it and the character’s experience and ours do not mix. One passage where this happens is near the beginning of part 3, onRead MoreAn Analysis of Homais as an Instrument of Satire in Flauberts, Madame Bovary1596 Words   |  7 PagesAn analysis of Homais as an instrument of satire In Flauberts satiric novel, the storys apothecary is used to convey Flauberts views of the bourgeois. As a vehicle for Flauberts satire, Homais is portrayed as opportunistic and self-serving, attributes that Flaubert associated with the middle class. Homais obsession with social mobility leads him to commit despicable acts. His character and values are also detestable. He is self-serving, hypocritical, opportunistic, egotistical, and crookedRead More An Analysis of Homais as an instrument of satire in Flauberts, Madame Bovary1577 Words   |  7 Pages An analysis of Homais as an instrument of satire In Flaubert’s satiric novel, the story’s apothecary is used to convey Flaubert’s views of the bourgeois. As a vehicle for Flaubert’s satire, Homais is portrayed as opportunistic and self-serving, attributes that Flaubert associated with the middle class. Homais’ obsession with social mobility leads him to commit despicable acts. His character and values are also detestable. He is self-serving, hypocritical, opportunistic, egotistical, and crookedRead More Analysis of the Boat Scene in Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary1789 Words   |  8 PagesAn Analysis of the Boat Scene in Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary As Gustave Flaubert wrote the novel Madame Bovary, he took special care to examine the relationship between literature and the effect on its readers. His heroine Emma absorbs poetry and novels as though they were instructions for her emotional behavior. When her mother dies, she looks to poetry to decide what degree of mourning is adequate; when she becomes adulterous she thinks immediately how she is like the women in literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of Flaubert s Madame Bovary, Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pages the bond established by the man and the woman is an ongoing unending commitment to each another. In Gustave Flaubert’s â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Sula† and Kate Chopin’s two short stories â€Å"The Storm† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we see disloyalty, complex love, misery, unfulfillment and importantly, infidelity supposed matrimony. In the story â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Emma’s marriage is dull and uninteresting, her position as a wife and mother fails to make her happy or pleased. She hasRead MoreTranslation Analysis : `` The Panther `` And Madame Bovary762 Words   |  4 Pages Translation Analysis Since there is no a definitive translation of any text, multiple translations can allow us to conceive the original text (even if we don’t know the language of the source text). The study of multiple translations substantially enlarges the interpretive process and perspectives that readers draw from the text (Schulte 1994). In other words, comparing various translations of the same text as in (Charles Baudelaire Correspondence, A Multiple Reading of Rainer Maria Rilke s

Elizabeth The Film Essay - 1178 Words

Elizabeth The Film Theme of the Film: How Elizabeth managed to gain the throne through turmoil, and then maintain it through even greater conflict and opposition. Greatest Surprise of the Film: The attention to detail and the symbolism employed to make the story richer than any other period piece. The script was also very well written, and very well paced making the movie much more enjoyable to watch because it was interesting and did not drag. Historical Characters Prioritized: Elizabeth I, Duke of Leicester, Sir William Cecil, Walsingham, Duke of Norfolk, Mary Queen of Scots, and the Vatican, various potential suitors to Elizabeth I. Understanding Clarified Which Would Not Be Achieved Through Reading†¦show more content†¦Critique of the Film: I thought Elizabeth was an amazing film, part period piece, part power struggle, part love story. This film has the elements of a classic film. It is, as a whole, riveting, accurate, and educational. Play the Role of a Reviewer for the New Yorker: Consider: (a) What was left out? Much of Elizabeth’s latter rule was left out, instead the film opted to tell the story behind her rise to power, and he she eventually gained a foothold on her power, securing herself as â€Å"The Virgin Queen† of England. Other things that were left out were Elizabeth’s formative years as a child, although both of these really had little significance or bearing on the story that was being told in this film. (b) What was inaccurate? Nothing that I saw was not based on facts or completely accurate. The script was highly researched as well all of the elements to the film were. Costumes and sets were perfectly in check with the time period. Language was also very accurate with the times. I would say that much attention to detail and accuracy was paid towards all elements of this film. This gives the film a historical integrity while also making it very interesting and entertaining. This did not feel like a boring Merchant – Ivory movie. To me, this film was a kind of Goodfellas of the sixteenth century. (c) Were conclusions drawn not warranted by the facts? Yes, as a character, Elizabeth wanted toShow MoreRelatedThe Film Elizabeth Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesThe Film Elizabeth â€Å"Based on the story of the rise of young Elizabeth Tudor to Queen of England, Elizabeth depicts the early life of a woman of independent spirit who ascends to the throne in 1558 to a reign of intrigue and betrayal. The conflict of private affairs and personal friendships with her duty as a monarch to achieve national unity; form the basis of a story that is both heart-breaking and inspiring†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Alison Owen Charles Barr referred to films which areRead MoreAnalysis Of Kapur s Elizabeth : The Golden Age1262 Words   |  6 PagesShekhar Kapur s Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) centers around Queen Elizabeth I of England and the multiple crises she endured twenty-seven years into her reign. The film provides a wonderful cinematic experience through astounding performances and gorgeous costuming and scenery. Unfortunately, as many Hollywood portrayals of history, its enthralling plot is achieved at the expense of historical correctness. The film takes liberties with its account of history, making alterations to the importantRead MoreThe Film, But A Good Kind Of Cheese1361 Words   |  6 PagesA Cheesy Film, But a Good Kind of Cheese Daughter of Darkness, a euro-horror film was released in 1971 in a time where art was transcending to a new place. This place was one that had very little remnants of classic culture as things tended to look futuristic, fashion tended to be flamboyant and what in previous times would have been considered risquà © or totally inappropriate became something that would not raise too many eye-brows. Daughters of Darkness is constructed with all those traits typicalRead MoreReview Of Hail The Virgin Queen Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesHail The Virgin Queen Elizabeth, a film made in 1998 depicts the early years of the reign of Elizabeth I of England and her struggle of learning exactly what it means to be a woman in control of an entire nation. This film is a historical drama with as many ups, downs, twists, and turns one would expect in a film where the main character is considered one of the most esteemed women in history. Elizabeth, played by actress Cate Blanchett at a time when England was divided in deciding whether or notRead MoreElizabeth Taylor, a True Hollywood Star1209 Words   |  5 Pagesbaby. I’m Mother Courage.† Elizabeth Taylor has been through the worst of it with her numerous marriages and illnesses, but she toughed it out and kept pushing forward. Her â€Å"I can conquer the world† attitude got her through all of the obstacles she faced. Elizabeth stayed in the spotlight from the time she was nine years old until the day she died. Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor was a true, old-fashioned Hollywood celeb rity that overcame many hardships in her life. Elizabeth Taylor, or Liz for short,Read More Analysis of film Shakespeare in Love Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of film Shakespeare in Love The film Shakespeare in Love shows that even in the 21st century Elizabethan drama impacts its audience as it did in the 1500s. The film captured England and the important influence of Elizabeth I during the Renaissance period. Even though Queen Elizabeth didnt have a major role in the film, her characteristics were displayed through the main heroine, Lady Viola. Lady Viola and Elizabeth were both courageous, well-educated women of the upperRead MoreThe Success of the Pirates of the Caribbean in Appealing to a Wide Audience646 Words   |  3 Pageswork, music and action fit in together to make a fantastic family film witch draws you to watch it again and again. The hero’s and villains play an interesting part but the best part is played by Johnny Depp as the anti-hero captain Jack Sparrow. His cunning personality makes you grin as even in the face of death he’s laughing and making jokes. For example towards the end of the film when he is about to be hung he is laughing at the crimes he is about toRead MoreAnalysis of Frankenstein From Shelleys Novel to Branaghs Film563 Words   |  3 PagesBranaghs Film Branaghs adaptation of Mary Shellys novel was fairly good with significant changes to Shellys text; however this was done to illuminate what he considers to be the major themes of the novel, eg the dangers of the relentless pursuit of science and Victors relationships. Victors love interest with Elizabeth in the film is much more intense compared to what is described in the novel as communication is mostly through letters, whereas in the film BranaghRead MorePride and Prejudice, directed by Joe Wright1305 Words   |  6 Pages For those that enjoy romantic costume dramas set in England, the 2005 film version of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice starring Kiera Knightley and Mathew MacFadyen is the perfect movie to watch on a rainy day while sitting in a comfy chair, sipping hot tea, with a plate of biscuits nearby. Director Joe Wright’s and screen writer Deborah Moggach’s film â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† brings a romanticized slant to the world of the Bennet’s where the main dilemma facing the family is what to do with fiveRead More Shakespeare In Love Essay example985 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare In Love with Queen Elizabeth Shakespeare In Love dominated the Oscars in 1998 bringing home seven academy awards including best picture. At Consumnes River College, a film professor argued to his class that Saving Private Ryan should have won the award. The whole class, which I attended, obediently agreed. Only after studying Renaissance literature, I realize our mistake. Shakespeare In Love accurately portrays Renaissance England and the birth of English drama, which is the

In My Own World free essay sample

In My Own World I live in Room Art 3. It’s a world where ideas are developed, relationships are built, and conflicts arise. There is no other place that I feel more comfortable than in the black, leather chair positioned authoritatively in the front of the classroom. This is the place where my approval, above others, is requested and welcome. Of course, this is not to say that I am some fearless dictator; by my side are my trusted partner, my supportive mentor, and 30 other staff members. The world of Yearbook Production is not an easy one to be a part of. The deadlines, disagreements, and clients sometimes cause more stress than I can handle, and the responsibility of creating such a unique product is a challenge. But since my sophomore year I have learned that my position as Editor in Chief involves much more than just editing people’s designs and filtering out mistakes. We will write a custom essay sample on In My Own World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Walking around the halls of Monte Vista (often with camera in hand), I’m just one student among thousands. But the second I step into the room of Art 3, I know I stand out. For instance, on the unfortunate occasion that I face a foreign substitute in place of Mrs. Govnik, our resident leader, I have to step in and assume her role as law enforcer. But with my petite frame and gentle demeanor I am rarely thought of as intimidating. As I peruse through the classroom of staffers, I must stand up tall as I hand out verbal reminders to stay on track or even warnings to those who try to escape Art 3’s borders without permission. At the same time, in order to keep my world safe, I must extinguish the fires that break out between people. A small spark between two in just one division of the room can become a raging inferno, burning everyone in its path if it isn’t terminated quickly enough. In addition, the citizens of my world sometimes become scarred from such burns; thus, my job is also to alleviate the worries and concerns that distress my staff members. Some find consoling and advising tedious, but I’ve come to love helping my co-workers through matters ranging from unexpected bad grades, unkind words, broken hearts, and every other teenage problem in between. Leader, problem solver, helper, and confidante. Through my experience as Editor in Chief, I realized how much I enjoy fulfilling these duties, both in and out of the classroom. But I know that soon I will be leaving this world and joining a new one; packed with classes in lecture halls, dorms, and throngs of new people. And I know that in this new world I will learn to bring out those skills yet again, and even more.

Preoperative And Postoperative Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Preoperative And Postoperative Management. Answer: Introduction Patients undergoing reconstruction of the breast after modified radical mastectomy (MRM) can expect to experience lifestyle changes following the surgery. MRM is a procedure involving the removal of an entire breast including all of its tissues (American Society of Anaesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management, 2012). Historically, MRM was the known main technique of treatment of breast cancer, and as the treatments have evolved, breast conservation has been one of the most commonly used methods. Still, mastectomy is a good choice for most people with breast cancer. During MRM, postoperative education is vital in helping women cope with lifestyle changes as well as recover quickly following the surgery. Preoperative care is the care provided prior to a surgical operation while the opposite is care provided after surgery (Blaudszun et al., 2012). According to research, surgical patient who believe that they did not receive adequate pre and post-operative education on manageme nt experience dissatisfaction after a surgery and had difficulties in understanding the changes they encounter. The rationale of this essay is to discuss preoperative and postoperative management following a patient who is to undergo a bilateral total MRM and reconstruction of the breast cancer. Clients and patients will be used interchangeably throughout the essay Contraindications There are few indications to the MRM. For clients with metastatic illness, the primary mode of treatment is systemic therapy. Currently, MRM is not the primary care for people with metastatic diseases (Chou et al., 2016). Other contraindications involve people who cannot receive general anaesthesia. Preoperative Education A patient with MRM encounters a life-changing event; hence it is critical to start the education process in advance, especially in ambulatory setting before the surgery. Education at this time can help the client to begin the process as well as prepare for the life changes prior to hospitalisation rather than postoperative education while experiencing anxiety and pain which cannot be helpful to the patient. Apart from the physicians explanation of the diagnosis and procedure, the client should have preoperative visits with clinicians to discuss the crucial information regarding the surgical process, what to expect during surgery or in the hospital, skills to be learned, and equipments to be used, as well as the necessary resource (Macintyre et al., 2010). This kind of education can improve the patients outcome as well as gratification. However, when providing preoperative education, you should first assess what the client knows and the information he/she wants to learn to ensure that education is individualised and the mutual objectives can be set. It would also be wise to include the patients family or friends in education as shown plus based on clients preferences. Best Practices According to Chou et al., (2016) there has been a heated discussion over the presence of lymph node dissection. However, modern indications for the first and second level of axillary dissections in people undergoing mastectomy include; local axillary recurrence, outside clinical trials, and failed mapping for sentinel lymph nodes biopsy among other indications. Clients need to be assessed for lymph node dissection regularly. It should be known that axillary dissection cannot be of great help to people with favourable tumour characteristics, multiple comorbidities and the elderly. Procedure Planning People who undergo MRM have a choice for immediate or delayed reconstruction with antilogous implants or tissues. Before the procedure, the client should see a plastic surgeon (Parvizi, 2011). However, the option for delayed or immediate reconstruction is reached in regard to the need for post-mastectomy radiation as well as choice of surgeon. Complication linked with MRM Complications linked with MRM include problems linked with wound healing such as chronic sarcoma, infection, hematoma, skin necrosis and dehiscence (Wu Raja, 2011). However, the risk of necrosis usually entails a greater flap plus the wound edges which is commonly treated with wound care. However, people at high risks of postoperative problems are those who are diabetic, smokers, those with a history of chest wall radiation. Following axillary dissection as well as normal local healing problems, a change in the regional lymphatic system puts the client in great danger. For those going through sentinel lymph node biopsy before axillary dissection, they are at risk of anaphylaxis linked with isosulfan contrast agent (White Kehlet, 2010). However, anaesthesiologists and clients need to be aware of such problems which usually resolves intra operatively. People with completion axillary dissection have a greater risk of contracting lymphedema and numbness under the axilla, hypersensitisa tion as well as chronic pain in that region. According to Vadivelu et al., (2010), patients are encouraged to ambulate the arm to prevent reduced shoulder function as well as scarring of the muscle to avoid cording and chronic pain syndromes that can develop later on. Patient Preparation Anaesthesia; anaesthesia should be used without neuromuscular blocking agents of the axillary dissection and mastectomy. However, if a client is undergoing quick breast reconstruction together with MRM, a paralytic can be used following completion of the dissection of the axillary lymph node. Also, a thoracic paravertebral block is used to give procedural as well as post-procedural analgesic effects thus resulting in declining in postoperative pain quickly and after one day. Positioning; clients need to be put on a table in a supine posture with their arm at a right angle with the body. Preoperative Nursing Management Patient education; the nurse should teach the patient deep breathing plus coughing exercises., encourage mobility as well as active body movement turning and foot and leg exercise. Other education regimens would be teaching on how to manage pain plus cognitive coping strategies (Macintyre et al., 2010). Managing nutrition and fluids; the key role of withholding fluids and food before surgery can help prevent aspiration. However, in such cases, a fasting period of eight hours is recommended for meals that are fatty or fried. Preparing for bowel procedure; enema is not ordered only when the patient is undergoing pelvic surgery. Also, preoperative skin preparation can also be done to decrease bacteria without injuring the skin. Quick preoperative nursing intervention; this can be done through administering pre-anaesthetic drugs and maintaining preoperative records such as the consent form, final checklist and identification Postoperative Management A study conducted at the University of Maryland showed that continuous infusion of local anaesthetics after MRM leads to decreased analgesic consumption and has no influence on the rates of vomiting as well as nausea. A control study involved 75 women who underwent MRM, including 35 who got levobupivacaine for two days postoperatively via wound catheter as well as 40 who received saline. Nursing Management in the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit Abbreviated As (PACU) Assessing the patient; regular assessment of a patients oxygen saturation pulse volume, as well as regularity, skin colour, depth plus nature of respiration as well as the intensity of consciousness, are some of the factors that should be considered in the PACU (Wu Raja, 2011). Maintain a patient airway is another function that should be considered in the unit. The primary objective here is to maintain pulmonary ventilation as well as prevent hyperaemia and hypoxia. The nurses role here is to apply oxygen as well as assess the reparatory rate/depth and oxygen saturation. Maintaining a cardiovascular stability; in this case, the nurse examines the clients mental status, cardiac rhythm, vital signs, skin temperature as well as colour/urine output. The central venous pressure abbreviated as (CVP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and the arterial lines should also be considered (Chou et al., 2016). The ain cardiovascular complications are shock, hypertension, haemorrhage and dysarthria. Assessing /maintain voluntary voiding; urine retention following surgery can occur due to some reasons. Anaesthesia and opioids affect the perception of bladder fullness, and also the abdominal, hip and pelvic might increase the probability of retention of secondary to pain. Encounter activity; a vast number of surgical are encouraged to be awake most of the times. This is because early ambulation lowers the chances of postoperative complications as pneumonia, the circulatory problem as well as gastrointestinal discomfort to mention just safe. Othernursing management in the PACU include relieving pain as well as anxiety, assessing plus maintain the surgical state as well as evaluating and managing gastrointestinal function vomiting and nausea are very common following anaesthesia Postoperative Complications Some complications can develop as a result of postoperative procedure; they include Shock; this is the response of the body to a decreased circulation volume of blood, cellular hypoxia as well as death plus tissue perfusion impairness (Blaudszun et al., 2012). Haemorrhage is another complication where the blood escapes from the blood vessels. Deep vein thrombosis abbreviated as DVT can also occur in lower extremities as well as pelvic vein and is very common following hip surgery. Pulmonary embolism is the obstruction of one or more arterioles by an embolus originating on the right side of the heart or in the venous system can also occur alongside urine retention and intestinal obstruction which results in partial or complete impairment to the forward flow of intestinal content (Vadivelu et al., 2010). Conclusion This essay has reviewed pre and postoperative management for patients with MRM. It draws attention to the main strays of this assessment where detailed history, as well as clinical examination, needs to be conducted. Postoperative care commences immediately the procedure has ended with the client being reviewed in the recovery room. Finally, MRM plus postoperative analgesia has also been discussed showing the different complications that may arise due to postoperative surgery References American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management. (2012). 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